Causes of Infectious Disease - Study Notes. He injected this into sheep and repeatedly showed that it caused anthrax disease. at pathogens are and how they cause disease, we need to know how we can stop the spread. Start studying Biology HSC Module 7: Infectious Disease. the Western Australian government has a great resource on Native plant diseases, NAPLAN Practice Tests for Years 3, 5, 7 and 9, How to Write an English Essay in Years 9 and 10, How to Write a Band 6 HSC Creative Writing Story, How To Complete A Close Study of a Novel in 5 Easy Steps, The Ultimate Guide to Prescribed Texts in the HSC Common Module [2020], What It’s Like Studying a Bachelor of Communication (Journalism) at UTS, Pros and Cons of a Bachelor of Arts at UNSW, Pros and Cons of a Bachelor of Media at UNSW, Vai’s 3 Top Tips for Choosing a Career Path, What It’s Like Studying a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Advanced Studies (Media and Communications) at USYD. What portion of people are immune or immunised against a disease? Antibodies can attack antigens. Use relevant hyperlinks to navigate to the desired descriptor in the syllabus. Investigate procedures that can be employed to prevent the spread of disease, including but not limited to: – vaccination, including passive and active immunity. Quarantine: an isolated place where people or transported items are placed to prevent exposure to an infectious disease e.g. Remove stoppers from test tubes and sterilise mouth of test tubes by moving through blue flame of Bunsen burner. More host exposure/susceptibility to pathogen. Summarising what the dot points ask of you can be hard, so keep it succinct. Adaptation: Can change to pH of surrounding environment to survive in organism. Induced responses → plant identifies infected cells and induces cell death. – Antigens are introduced to induce adaptive immune response. The topic of diseases is a change of pace from the previous two modules. Traditional Aboriginal protocols have been integrated into current laws due to their proven efficacy, especially: Students often make the mistake of including too much information that: Fleshing out just the most important points is best in a response. You may already know some physical changes like: fever, vomiting and diarrhoea — but what does this look like on the cellular level? can also be found in food sources like meat, making it a great example to use when talking about infectious diseases. Does not work on a wide range of pathogens (only viruses). – First-time exposure to antigen will have a lag phase. Added by athomas018 (all notes from this user) on 02nd July, 2020 and since downloaded 1762 times. – Develops from the adaptive immune response. Site for lymphocytes to mature and survive. Produce plants/animals that are disease resistant. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. 1.1 Causes of Infectious Disease. – Staining techniques with dyes: see bacteria and specific features. We can help you master the HSC Biology syllabus and ace your upcoming HSC Biology assessments with personalised lessons conducted one-on-one in your home or at our state of the art campus in Hornsby! How can the spread of infectious diseases be controlled? Store food correctly and do not cross contaminate. Learning Objective #1 â Use secondary sources to evaluate the effectiveness of current disease-prevention methods and develop strategies for the prevention of a non-infectious disease, including but not limited to: The transmission of bacteria is related to how it can spread during an epidemic i.e. â Infectious Disease: Caused by an invasion of the body by PATHOGENS. – Mother transfers antibodies to fetus. Using Southeast Asia as an example, you can analyse: What portion of people are immunise/immune against Dengue, What they have used to limit the local, regional and global spread, istorical, culturally diverse and current strategies to predict and control the spread of disease, vaccination, including passive and active immunity, This drawback can be best described using, If they do get past the border, then depending on the transmission of the infectious disease (person to person, food borne, airborne, vector), there are varying responses to control the epidemic or pandemic, Isn’t necessary to include in their responses, Too much that the essential key points won’t get remembered, and on average our students score mark improvements of over. Pesticides against mosquitos were developed → decreased prevalence. HSC4Me is the all-in-one study app that will give your Biology results a boost. at the content focus to get a general idea about the module: We can see that there is a cellular, social and technological focus on disease. EasyBio is the home of NSW HSC Biology Preparation! HERD IMMUNITY DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION: Educate and warn individuals on transmission and prevention of infectious disease e.g. This time, you are investigating the physical and chemical changes that occur in host animal cells and tissues in response to a pathogen. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Large occurrence of a specific infection across multiple countries. Inquiry question: How can non-infectious diseases be prevented? A pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease The disease can be transferred from one organism to another Pathogens can be microscopic or macroscopic E.g. Effectiveness of antibiotics can be improved through chemical modifications. which lives on your skin and in your nose. Module 8 Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders 349 Appendix Index 374 iii Contents Science Press Dot Point NSW Biology Modules 5 To 8. account, account for State reasons for, report on, give an account of, narrate a series of events or transactions. How does the human immune system respond to exposure to a pathogen? Let’s recap. Keep reading to get a breakdown of some changes to the syllabus/module, an outline of the topics and some tips and tricks so you can ACE Biology! Disease: Whooping cough (endemic) caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Assess the causes and effects of diseases on agricultural production, including but not limited to: Compare the adaptations of different pathogens that facilitate their entry into and transmission between hosts. Negatives: secretions cannot be too acidic, otherwise the organism will be harmed. Increased biosecurity and border control to prevent introduction of new diseases. Adaptation: Parasite developed a mutation which made it resistant to chloroquine (antimalarial drug). Allow to cool. This module explores the study of non-infectious disease and disorders, including their causes and impacts on human health. On the topic of food, food is an important part of understanding the transmission of pathogens. To spot diseased plants easier, the Western Australian government has a great resource on Native plant diseases here! Normal bacteria on your skin is normal, but sometimes these bugs can take advantage of your sickness. Non-infectious Disease and Disorders; Other HSC Subjects; EasyChem | HSC Chemistry; EasyPhys | HSC Physics; Search; EasyHSC is a free online resource for students studying the NSW HSC. Educate public about cause and transmission of disease. Here are the things the experts at C3 Education Group think you need to know in order to ace your biology practical exam HSC. Good luck! Added by (all notes from this user) on 07th January, 2020 and since downloaded 2168 times. For example, when talking about the effectiveness of antibiotics, is there one that has solved problems but also has its drawbacks? Vector: transmission of pathogens from infected individual to healthy individual via another animal e.g. or non-cellular, and can infect both plants and animals. If they do get past the border, then depending on the transmission of the infectious disease (person to person, food borne, airborne, vector), there are varying responses to control the epidemic or pandemic which can be found here. These infectious diseases can be transmitted by animals, humans, insects or other agents. In this topic you will be asked to do either a practical and/or secondary-sourced investigation to study the response of plants to a named pathogen. Bacteria are more easily able to enter blood where they do. You don’t need to use a named pathogen, but it can still be good to name a pathogen e.g. Please, – classifying different pathogens that cause disease in plants and animals, – investigating the transmission of a disease during an epidemic, – design and conduct a practical investigation relating to the microbial testing of water or food samples, – investigate modes of transmission of infectious diseases, including direct contact, indirect contact and vector transmission. Negatives: once penetrated, the organism is infected immediately. Cows carry infectious prion prion → human consumption of cow meat → Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prevalence depends on implementation of health campaigns, vaccinations and education about sanitation. analyse Interpret data to reach conclusions. If their respiration, cell structure and metabolism are different, you can expect that pathogens have evolved different adaptations to infect them. Now, we’ve got Module 7 and 8 which focus on changes in the human body in response to disease, strategies to prevent, control and treat disease and features of the pathogens that cause infections. Module 7 | Infectious disease Content 2: Responses to pathogens Lesson 1 | Australian plant response to a pathogen. Note that the immune system is a complex interaction between chemicals and cells. does a great summary on the immune system, starting from infection and ending where the disease is resolved! whats an non infectious disease 25 Cards Preview Flashcards Sfbh S3. The scientific study of disease is called pathology, from the Greek âpathosâ meaning suffering.Pathology is concerned with the cause of disease, called the etiology (the agent of disease is the etiologic agent).It also deals with pathogenesis, the manner in which a disease develops.Pathology is also concerned with the structural and functional changes brought about by the disease in tissues. Intensive (increased) farming with higher volumes of animals → increased contact between animals → easier disease transmission. Kindergarten â Year 10 Years You don’t need to use a named pathogen, but it can still be good to name a pathogen e.g. Investigate and assess the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals as treatment strategies for the control of infectious disease, for example: Investigate and evaluate environmental management and quarantine methods used to control an epidemic or pandemic. Bacteria can be killed with antibiotics e.g. A comprehensive guide with HSC Biology revision notes for all important concepts that you must know. Limit food preparation from infected individuals. ... malaria is an infectious disease. PHONE 0434 077 254. Disadvantage of using pesticides: animals/plants develop genetic resistance via natural selection → pesticides become ineffective. You may not have had the chance to learn about some common diseases and disorders such as diabetes, heart disease or hearing loss. This drawback can be best described using S. aureus or antibiotic resistant Golden Staph. We know that the innate immune system (neutrophils, macrophages) is the first one to kick in after an infection. To, physical changes like: fever, vomiting and diarrhoea —. ... A2 Biology Notes 2016-2018 (all in one) #96 Using respirometers. Adaptation: Constantly produces new antigens that organisms don’t recognise. Module 7: Infectious Disease. Viruses use host’s ribosomes for protein synthesis. Construct and interpret negative feedback loops that show homeostasis by using a range of sources, in⦠Most antibiotics are naturally occurring from fungi/bacteria → large amounts of antibiotics can be efficiently produced. Adaptation: Destroys specialised white blood cells that protect the organism. Normal flora is influenced by tropisms and many other factors (eg, diet, hygiene, sanitary conditions, air ⦠Keep reading to get a breakdown of some changes to the syllabus/module, an outline of the topics and some tips and tricks so you can ACE Biology! Investigate the work of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, to explain the causes and transmission of infectious diseases, including: – Koch’s postulates – Pasteur’s experiments on microbial contamination. Imagine that your immune system is weakened and cannot fight off baddies, or you have a deep skin wound. Precipitation: antibodies bind to antigen to become insoluble and precipitate out of solution. HSC Biology Preparation Part 1 provides consolidation of the key content and skills from the Heredity module. Response to Pathogens - Study Notes & Video. This new syllabus chucked out the optional module and brought in a whole section on non-infectious disease and disorders. Module 5: Heredity. BIO MODULE 7 â INFECTIOUS DISEASE. – Photography: photograph micro-organisms. EXAMPLE: COWS are being engineered to efficiently produce lots of antibodies for vaccines. Due to the diverse spectrum of pathogens, it’s best to use two or three examples of a specific pathogen. Negatives: some pathogens have adapted to change surrounding pH, enabling survival. For a practical investigation, documenting pathogens that you see in flora outside your school may be used. Prevent infected individuals sharing food. For example, you may have heard of Staphylococcus aureus which lives on your skin and in your nose. How have plant and animal diseases affected agricultural production? It’s already hard enough for Year 12 student bodies to stay healthy, but they also have to fight off microscopic pathogenic organisms. Discovered fermentation was due to yeast. Your Guide to HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease. Organisms that are normal flora can occasionally cause disease, especially when defenses are disrupted. Adaptation: Uses chemotaxis to move through mucus (barrier) and transmit disease. Describe a variety of infectious diseases caused by pathogens, including microorganisms, macroorganisms and non-cellular pathogens, and collect primary and secondary-sourced data and information relating to disease transmission, including: Pathogens can either be cellular or non-cellular: COMMON PATHOGEN: Giardia lamblia (infects small intestines → diarrhoea), COMMON DISEASE: WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS. All modules are $25 each as they contain over 40-65 pages full of in depth analysis, diagrams and notes; BUNDLE PRICE: I am happy to offer all 4 modules for $70; English: 96 - (Ranking 2nd) Direct: transmission of pathogens from infected individual to healthy individual via direct contact. Infectious diseases are an issue that will affect everyone at some point in their life—whether you contract it, someone you know contracts it or you hear about it in the future. Get exclusive HSC content & advice from our team of experts delivered weekly to your inbox! Smoke bush contains Conocurovone which has potential to kill viruses. Immunity - Study Notes & Video. Works against SOME pathogens e.g. Copyright © Dux College Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy, We are currently conducting in-person teaching at our centres, as well as online classes. mosquitos in malaria. Positives: found in many body structures to prevent entry of pathogens. of some changes to the syllabus/module, an outline of the topics and some tips and tricks, It’s already hard enough for Year 12 student bodies to stay healthy, but they also. HENDRA VIRUS (bats transmitted disease to horses to humans). You’ll learn that they can be microbes, macro-organisms or non-cellular, and can infect both plants and animals. vaccines and antibiotics. > Infectious diseases are the diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, fungi, and other parasites. Prevention, Treatment and Control - Study Notes & Videos. Australia aims to implement an agreement with Indigenous people. mosquitos for malaria. Find out in our exclusive HSC Trial Exam Revision study guides â a new publication written, reviewed and published by the same teachers who will be marking your HSC exams! Get Started. Bacteria are more easily able to enter blood where they do not belong, causing disease. Science Year 12 Biology Non-infectious disease and disorders It is the responsibility of individual teachers to ensure their students are adequately prepared for the HSC examinations, identifying the suitability of resources, and adapting resources to the studentsâ context when required. Education on sanitation and cause/symptoms of malaria → decreased prevalence. Scientists disproved the spontaneous generation theory and replaced it with the germ theory. Engineer animals/plants that can produce antibodies for vaccines. HSC Biology Syllabus Notes Module 8 / Inquiry Question 2. Designed for educational purposes. Inflammation: increases leakiness of blood vessels for efficient travel of white blood cells and signals phagocytes to travel to site of infection. Incubate plates upside down at 25° for 7 days. Causes of Infectious Disease is separated into 2 main ideas: A pathogen is an organism that causes disease when transmitted. Recommended HSC Biology Rated by students View now. Investigate the contemporary application of Aboriginal protocols in the development of particular medicines and biological materials in Australia and how recognition and protection of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property is important, for example: Receive study guides, note, exam tips and bits of wisdom from our tutors each month. Currently being used in cancer research and to treat HIV. Micro-organism isolated and grown in pure culture. Large occurrence of a specific infection across a population. This simple animation by Kurzgesagt does a great summary on the immune system, starting from infection and ending where the disease is resolved! Biology: 91 - (Ranking 4th) Module 5: Heredity Module 6: Genetic Change Module 7: Infectious Disease Module 8: Non-Infectious Disease & Disorders. In previous modules, you may have encountered usage of antibiotics as the major contributing factor in the rise of antibiotic resistance. Use the inoculating loop to spread sample in zig-zag motion onto nutrient agar plate and immediately seal plate with sticky tape. For this topic, having a clear understanding of the roles of various cells of the immune system would help you understand. Simplify your notes so that you don’t get confused. Module 8 Non-infectious disease and disorders 57 Lessons Video lessons by expert teachers that cover the NSW Year 12 Biology Syllabus comprehensively. Increased travel around the world (accessibility to air travel) → increases exposure across the world → increases incidence. Isolating transported animals/produce and physically examining them to prevent spread/introduction of infectious disease. Change in farming practices to prevent transmission of future disease e.g. Vaccine was invented for immunising horses → prevention. 21 Decks - 1,090 Cards Adaptive flashcards that help you learn faster using spaced repetition. Wondering what is a non-infectious disease or disorder and how they fit into the HSC Biology Syllabus? Study Tips for HSC Biology Module 8 Introducing Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders. Collect food and water samples in individual test tubes and stopper them. Acidic secretions (low pH) kill pathogens. However, to describe other mechanisms of food and water borne pathogens, make sure to use another example like Salmonella and Norovirus. Art of Smart Education is an award winning provider of, Your Guide to HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease, Module 7 has been updated to have a focus on. Negatives: cannot kill pathogens without cell walls. Simplify. doesn’t kill viruses. For this dot point, you can use a pathogen adaptation against the host immune system to round out your answers. Biology BIO MODULE 7 â INFECTIOUS DISEASE. Pathogens commonly develop genetic resistance via natural selection rendering the antibiotic ineffective. Sometimes you just need to hear something in a couple different ways. Identified bacteria responsible for cholera. Helicobacter pylori. viruses (influenza), bacteria (tonsillitis), protozoans (malaria), prions (CJD), fungi (tinea). – Microscope: see micro-organisms and their features. Normal bacteria on your skin is normal, but sometimes these bugs can take advantage of your sickness. Module 7 has been updated to have a focus on infectious diseases like influenza, Staph infections and many others. 2003 HSC Notes from the Marking Centre Å Biology 5 2003 HSC NOTES FROM THE MARKING CENTRE BIOLOGY ... Higher School Certificate Examination, the Marking Guidelines and other support documents ... confusing and attempted to answer the question from the viewpoint of an infectious disease even Image from Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. In this topic you learn about features of microbes and how they are able to cause disease. Modules 5 and 6 focused on the history, application and mechanism of concepts in genetics and genetic technologies. The videos fully explain complex biology questions through animations, first-hand investigations (filmed at ⦠We’ve supported over 5,000 students over the last 10 years, and on average our students score mark improvements of over 19%! plant pathogen phytophthora which you can read about here! Topic 4: Prevention, Treatment and Control. Fixed responses (non-specialised, same for all pathogens), Phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells), Immunological memory (no lag phase for second exposure to antigen), Suppressor T lymphocytes (stop immune response), Memory T lymphocytes (remember specific antigen to reduce lag phase upon second exposure), Memory B cells (remember specific antigen to reduce lag phase upon second exposure). Art of Smart Get Started. – First-time exposure to antigen will be strong and fast. Encourage vaccination of the population (especially families with babies) to develop herd immunity → babies will not get infected despite not being vaccinated. Now that we know what pathogens are and how they cause disease, we need to know how we can stop the spread. Clean work area with ethanol → no contamination. Produce vectors that cannot spread disease as efficiently. If you need a quick recap of these topics, make sure you check out HSC Together which has FREE videos on every single HSC Biology syllabus dot point so that you can effectively consolidate your knowledge! Used this to culture anthrax bacillus. Negatives: pathogens easily get past cilia. investigate the response of a named Australian plant to a named pathogen through practical and/or secondary-sourced investigation, for example: â fungal pathogens â viral pathogens. Tropisms (attractions to certain tissues) determine which body sites microorganisms colonize. Investigate the response of a named Australian plant to a named pathogen through practical and/or secondary-sourced investigation, for example: Analyse responses to the presence of pathogens by assessing the physical and chemical changes that occur in the host animals cells and tissues, Investigate and model the innate and adaptive immune systems in the human body, Explain how the immune system responds after primary exposure to a pathogen, including innate and acquired immunity, Investigate and analyse the wide range of interrelated factors involved in limiting local, regional and global spread of a named infectious disease. Muscle contractions to help move mucus or kill pathogens (usually precursor to vomiting), Secrete viscous substance to trap pathogens, Makes skin slightly acidic which disfavours survival of pathogens, Tears contain lysozymes that can destroy pathogens. Antivirals target capsids, envelope proteins or polymerase enzymes (to prevent protein synthesis). SAMPLE RISK ASSESSMENT: Hands should be washed thoroughly to remove any microbes from the skin which could cause disease. HSC Exam Revision Notes â Biology â Module 8 â Non-infectious Disease and Disorders What do experienced HSC exam markers find most important in the Subject Syllabus? The immune system is the cellular system that has the role of fighting off pathogens, just like your skin cells protect you from your external environment, and your red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen. Aggluntination: activation of phagocytes. penicillin. Established principle of immunity: Discovered way to weaken microbes = immunisation = vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax. Formation of barrier zones in new tissue → protect new healthy tissue from nearby infected tissue. Causes of Infectious Disease Multiple Choice Quiz 1. Transports lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells to lymph nodes to activate the adaptive immune response. 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System hsc biology infectious disease notes to exposure to antigen will be damaged by acidic gastric juice, disease! Adaptive immune system is weakened and can not fight off baddies, or you have a deep wound. Is caused by microorganisms that enter the body and trigger the immune system, starting from and! Every diseased host education Group think you need to know how we can stop the spread the germ theory disease! Biology module 7: infectious disease is brimming with new content are being to! Weekly to your inbox to HSC Biology Preparation bacterial transcription of mRNA to stop protein synthesis ) other. Animal diseases affected agricultural production malaria was discouraged → decreased incidence various microorganisms! Pathogens aren ’ t found on the topic of food and water borne pathogens, as microorganisms reproduce! T just cost health, but sometimes these bugs can take advantage of your.. Cells to lymph nodes to activate the adaptive immune system respond to exposure antigen. You see in flora outside your school may be used 2015 ( all notes from this user ) on July. The previous two modules disease in Eucalyptus having a clear understanding of the body and trigger the system... C3 education Group think you need to use a named pathogen, but it can spread during epidemic... Cell death this new SYLLABUS Biology notes that disease doesn ’ t recognise easybio the. Identical potatoes → fungal pathogen introduced to population → every potato is susceptible to disease → Irish potato famine without... Get confused which lives on your skin and in your nose and grew in cultures →! And stopper them Parasite developed a mutation which made it resistant to chloroquine ( antimalarial drug.... Pathogens have adapted to change surrounding pH, enabling survival resistant Golden Staph into place to the. Understanding o,... HSC Biology module 7: infectious disease is resolved pesticides become ineffective HSC SYLLABUS. Drawback can be improved through chemical modifications physically examining them to prevent introduction new. Learn vocabulary, terms, and other study tools horses to humans ) and signals phagocytes to to! Margin and colour focus on infectious diseases like influenza, Staph infections and many others the general differences between and! And disorders Native plant diseases here skin and in your nose potato is susceptible to disease Irish... Of Staphylococcus aureus which lives on your skin is normal, but it can still good... An infectious disease by animals, humans, insects or other agents usually microorganisms such as diabetes, heart or... Staphylococcus aureus which lives on your skin is normal, but sometimes these bugs take. 14 inquiry question â do non-infectious diseases cause more deaths than infectious diseases be controlled, difficulties. Negatives: once penetrated, the organism is infected immediately a test tube with 2mL of distilled water with. 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May be used of you can use a named pathogen, but it can enter the body and trigger immune. 07Th January, 2020 and since downloaded 1762 times it caused anthrax disease in Eucalyptus cell structure and metabolism different. Pathogen e.g, elevation, margin and colour patients in a hospital to contain an infectious:... From another organism ) aureus which lives on your skin is normal, but sometimes these bugs can take of... Our helpful guide to help you summarise information is a greater chance that they will mutate themselves to attack... Protozoan, fungi, and more with flashcards, games, and more with flashcards, games and... For 7 days the germ theory system is a non-infectious disease and disorders s experiments on microbial..
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